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FAQ: Is It Normal To Have Symptoms After The Clots Are Gone?

7/4/2016

4 Comments

 
The time that it takes pulmonary embolisms to go away and the time that it takes to heal from a pulmonary embolism are different.  Blood clots in your lungs and DVTs cause damage.  The damage is what causes symptoms.  Blood clots in your lungs can cause heart damage, lung damage, and psychological damage.  A deep vein thrombosis can cause vein damage and valve damage.  Both of these conditions may cause your to become less active.  Lowered activity causes deconditioning and fatigue.

Symptoms of your blood clots will last longer than the clot itself.  Bodies often dissolve clots pretty quickly.  After the clot is gone your body goes to work healing the damage.  Healing can take a long time and may include fatigue, pain, and clot symptoms.  Talk to your doctor about your healing and your symptoms as it is possible that he or she can help you have a less irritating recovery.

While your blood clots are gone, the damage is not gone.  Be patient and keep your doctor informed about your recovery.  Gradually increase activity as you are able.  Most survivors find the symptoms have greatly improved 1-2 years post diagnosis.  Remember that your body is healing from major trauma.  Think about how tired a cold can make you for weeks after the cold is gone.  Now remember that a cold causes much less damage to your body.
4 Comments

FAQ: When Should I Be Tested For Clotting Conditions?

8/8/2015

0 Comments

 
After a blood clot, tests can be run to determine if you have a condition that makes your blood clot more easily than the majority of the population.  These conditions are often referred to as clotting conditions, thrombophilia, or hypercoagulable states.  Testing for these conditions will not be able to predict who will and will not have a clot.  About half of the people who have a clot will have no known cause.  This means that the blood work would show no clotting conditions.

Testing for thrombophilia is useful when deciding the length of time a patient will be on anticoagulants.  The problem with anticoagulants is that they are risky.  You only want to be on anticoagulants if the risk of clotting is larger than the risk of a life threatening bleed.  Testing for thrombophilia will give you more information so that you and your doctor can determine which risk is more acceptable for you.

To determine if thrombophilia testing is right for you, you should:
  • Ask your doctor if having thrombophilia would change his or her recommendations about the amount of time that you will take anticoagulant medications.  If the test will not change treatment, the test is not needed.
  • Talk with your doctor and insurance agents about the impact the findings may have on your ability to obtain life insurance.
  • Consider your age.  Many recommendations state that individuals under the age of 50 that had a DVT or PE without a significantly large risk factor (abdominal surgery, bed ridden, cancer, or other major risks) have tests run to see what may have caused the clot.
  • Consider your risks.  Can you and your doctor identify any MAJOR risks?  A major risk may be able to be eliminated so that the clot doesn't repeat.  If you only had a minor risk (weight and birth control are examples) there is a good chance that something else contributed to your clot.
  • Ask your medical team what they feel are typical, minor, and major risks for blood clots and figure out where you fit into that list.
  • Consider what risks will be in your future.  Are you thinking about birth control, infertility treatments, cancer, hormone replacement, frequent long haul airplane trips, or any other big risks?  You may want to know if you have a clotting condition that will put you at further risk.
  • Is there a family history of clotting or miscarriage?  If there is, let your doctors know!
Think about your history, the costs, risks, and benefits.  Medical testing seems harmless but it can have unwanted effects.  If you need help deciding about testing please talk to your primary care provider and consider requesting a hematology consult.  Feel free to get a second opinion.  Many times doctors will write off a clot as a simple case of birth control pills, weight, or travel when there might be more to the story.  If you haven't experienced a recent major risk factor there is a good chance that there is more to your clot's story.
0 Comments

Coping With a Pulmonary Embolism - Life As a Survivor

6/28/2014

26 Comments

 

"We know what is wrong. You have blood clots in your lungs." These are words that survivors come to be grateful for and to hate. As a survivor we are often thankful that we finally have a diagnosis and a treatment for symptoms that for many of us have been happening for an extended period of time. Others are thankful to simply be alive. They were the ones that collapsed and were returned to life by acts of God, fate, and medical miracles. The doctors patch us up, test us, clear us, and send us home on anticoagulation and filled with questions.

As patients we start off with many unanswered questions. Why did this happen? How long is recovery? What are these nagging symptoms? We are frustrated when we don't have answers to these questions but these questions aren't the real challenge.   These questions will be slowly answered by hiring new doctors, asking questions over and over again, and reading materials from patient support and advocacy groups. The real questions, the ones that are truly a challenge are the ones that nobody can answer. "What do I do now that I survived?" "Why did I survive?" "How do I find faith in my ability to survive?"

If these ruminations sound familiar you are a survivor. Know that your brain is an organ. If your brain survived your PE without any symptoms I would be in shock. Your lungs, heart, body, and brain are all affected when you have clots in your lungs. Common complications include panic disorders, depression, and anxiety. Feeling lost and/or afraid is normal and in many ways these feelings are a healthy part of your recovery.

So, what to do about them? First, let your doctors know that your brain is in need of healing. You may benefit from starting some medication to ease your symptoms. Councilling may also help you to deal with surviving. I used both of these techniques to help myself heal.

Here are some additional methods to assist your mind, body, and soul adapt to being a survivor:

  • Track your growth so you can see progress. A fitbit can do the work for you these days.
  • Ask your doctors if massage or Yoga would be safe and then try them out if your medical team okays these activities.
  • Try meditation. Search for "The Mediation Podcast" or "The Meditation Oasis" as both have free recorded meditations.
  • Try an app called "Breathing" to practice deept breathing that will be calming.
  • Realize your strength. You survived! You are not weak. Your body wend through the ringer and was OK. You can and will get through recovery.
  • Try a support group. Www.dailystrength.org has a great one.
Picture
These are saguaro cacti and other fauna of the Sonoran Desert. Let them remind you how to survive. When the times are rough they live off water that they stored during the rainy years. They grow in harsh conditions and are amazing plants. The rough environment changed them into the wise old men of the desert. Survive and thrive as the saguaro does and find your inner strength and beauty.
26 Comments

FAQ: What Is MTHFR?

10/22/2013

0 Comments

 
MTHFR is a genetic mutation that will sometimes increase the risk of blood clots.  MTHFR is caused by a change in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) gene.  This gene is also known simply as MTHFR.  MTHFR carries the instructions for making an enzyme called methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase.  One of the most important things that this enzyme does is to convert an amino acid homocysteine into another amino acid, methionine.  The body then uses the new amino acid to make a number of different proteins in the body.

HOW DOES MTHFR AFFECT CLOTTING?
Some individuals who have the MTHFR gene mutation develop elevated levels of homocysteine.  Elevated levels of homocysteine have been associated with an increased risk of blood clots.  Individuals who have a MTHFR mutation and have normal levels of homocysteine are not at an increased risk of clotting.  It is the elevated homocysteine that raises the risk of clots, not the MTHFR mutation.

HOW IS MTHFR DIAGNOSED?
MTHFR is diagnosed by measuring the levels of homocysteine in the blood.  MTHFR is not a large risk factor for blood clots.  For this reason, some doctors will limit homocysteine testing to individuals who are under 30 years of age who have a blood clot or have a history of repeated blood clots.

TREATMENT
The best way to prevent clots is always to use good clotting hygiene.  Make sure to keep moving, be careful on long car rides and flights, stay hydrated, and to speak with a doctor for extended illnesses or surgeries.  If blood clots are a problem, anticoagulation therapy may be useful.  Vitamins B12 and B6 are involved in lowering homocysteine levels in the body.  Studies haven't clearly shown a decrease in blood clotting risk when patients take B6 and B12.  If you have elevated homocysteine levels, it would be worth asking your doctor how he or she feels about using B vitamins to prevent clots.

REFERENCES
How MTHFR Testing Works. (n.d.). CEPMED. Retrieved October 22, 2013, from https://cepmed.dnadirect.com/grc/patient-site/mthfr-pregnancy-complications/how-mthfr-testing-works.html

Moll, S. (2010, November 19). Thrombophilia Testing – Who Should be Tested? Clot Connect. Retrieved October 22, 2013, from http://patientblog.clotconnect.org/2010/11/19/thrombophilia-testing-%E2%80%93-who-should-be-tested/

Treating High Homocysteine. (n.d.). CEPMED. Retrieved October 22, 2013, from https://cepmed.dnadirect.com/grc/patient-site/mthfr-pregnancy-complications/treating-high-homocysteine.html

Varga, E. A., Sturm, A. C., Misita, C. P., & Moll, S. (2005). Homocysteine and MTHFR Mutations Relation to Thrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease. Circulation, 111(19), e289–e293. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000165142.37711.E7, from http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/111/19/e289.full

What Is MTHFR? (n.d.). CEPMED. Retrieved October 22, 2013, from https://cepmed.dnadirect.com/grc/patient-site/mthfr-pregnancy-complications/index.html

Who Should Consider MTHFR Testing? (n.d.). CEPMED. Retrieved October 22, 2013, from https://cepmed.dnadirect.com/grc/patient-site/mthfr-pregnancy-complications/who-should-consider-mthfr-testing.html

0 Comments

Drug Interactions

7/17/2013

3 Comments

 
Many supplements interact with anticoagulants.  These reactions may make the medications less effective or may increase the risk of bleeding.  This post has links to places where you can get information on drug/natural supplement interactions.  Make sure to check for interactions, talk to your pharmacist, and talk with your doctor before adding or removing supplements from your treatment plan.  This will help you prepare for possible problems.

From Health Notes:
  • Warfarin (Coumadin)
  • Lovenox
  • Heparin
  • Xarelto
Other reliable references:
  • The Mayo Clinic
  • Medline Plus
3 Comments

FAQ: What Is A Pulmonary (Lung) Infarction?

2/8/2013

1 Comment

 
Picture
A CT scan of a pulmonary infarction
A lung infarction is a potential side effect of a pulmonary embolism.  When the lungs do not receive enough oxygen tissue death can occur.  This tissue death is known as a pulmonary infarction. Luckily the lungs have a large number of arteries.  If one artery is blocked, the others can often supply the lungs with enough oxygenated blood.  This means that lung infarctions are fairly rare and often only occur in people with large, multiple pulmonary emboli.  According to Weng et al. (2011) around 1% of the people who have a pulmonary embolism will develop a pulmonary infarction.

According to Cedars-Sinai hospital, pulmonary infarctions caused by pulmonary embolisms may have the following symptoms:
  • Coughing up blood or blood stains in the sputum
  • Sharp chest pains
  • Sometimes a fever will be present

A lung infarction can be diagnosed by looking at a chest X-ray or lung CT scan image.  In fact, this is the only sign of a pulmonary embolism that will show up on an X-ray.

According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, lung infarctions generally heal within three weeks.  When they heal, tissue will be replaced with scar tissue.



Photo Credit:  Yale Rosen [CC-BY-SA-2.0] via Wikimedia Commons

1 Comment

FAQ: How Can I Find The Best Price On A Prescription Medication?

1/19/2013

1 Comment

 
It is common knowledge that certain prescription medications are very expensive.  This is especially true if it is a newer medication or if it doesn't have a generic form.  This doesn't mean that generics are always easy on the pocket book.  Generics can run high as well.  So, how can you find good prices on medications?  What are your options?
  1. Tell your doctor that you need financial help.  Doctors often have samples.  With all of the new anticoagulants on the market, you may be lucky.
  2. Ask your doctor about manufacturer low income programs.  Most manufacturers have some type of financial aid available for those without insurance.
  3. Ask about generics.  Generic warfarin is VERY inexpensive.
  4. Try good old fashioned warfarin rather than newer medications.
  5. While buying from other countries is illegal, the U.S. typically overlooks individuals who purchase abroad.  Make sure that your pharmacy has some accreditation and that they have a real pharmacist that requires a prescription from your doctor.
  6. If you are in the hospital, a social worker may be able to help get that Lovenox prescription filled. When I was being discharged, a social worker came and got my insurance info to confer with my insurance about how I was to get Lovenox.  I didn't have to do a thing.
  7. Write an appeal to the insurance company.
  8. This is my favorite!  Use one of the new, Internet price comparison sites.  I use www.goodrx.com for migraine medication when I have hit my insurance company's maximum for the month.  I have seen the price go from over $200.00 to around $35.00!  They show the prices in your area and provide discount coupons if needed to get the price.

Here are some other interesting thoughts on prescriptions for pulmonary embolism treatment for you. Some people will find certain brands of a generic medication to work better for them.  If this is the case, your doctor can specify on your prescription to ONLY give you a certain brand or to give you any generic BUT a certain brand.  I do that with my Wellbutrin generic.  It was much easier ad cheaper than fighting to use name brand Wellbutrin.  The brands are listed on your prescription bottle or you can often look up a pill online using a search engine and the pill's label, number, color, or markings.

If you need brand name Coumadin or you need another medication like one of the newer anticoagulants and your insurance won't pay, first have your doctor's insurance representative call to ask for an override based on medical need.  If that doesn't work, ask your insurer for the address of the appeals department and write the letter.  Your doctor can help you to make sure you have a solid, well informed letter.
1 Comment

FAQ: What Is The Difference Between Factor V Leiden And APC Resistance?

1/11/2013

7 Comments

 
This is a great question. Let me explain the alphabet soup for you. First off Protein C and Activated Protein C are different. Protein C must be activated before it can do its job. Once it is, it becomes activated protein C. 

Factor V is another clotting chemical. It causes clotting. Typically, Activated Protein C turns off Factor V. This means it would stop the body from clotting. The Factor V has a receptor that is the same shape as the Activated Protein C. It is like 2 puzzle pieces fitting together. Once the two pieces are together, clotting cycle stops. When you have the Factor V Leiden mutation, the Factor V Leiden puzzle pieces are shaped incorrectly. The Activated Protein C can't fit with the Factor V. 
Most people only have one copy of the mutation (from one parent rather than both parents) this means that about half of the Factor V is produced with the right puzzle piece and the other half is wrong. The part that is wrong is RESISTANT to the Activated Protein C. 95% of people with APC resistance have it due to Factor V Leiden. 5% of people with APC resistance have it due to other causes. All people with Factor V Leiden have APC resistance but not all people with APC resistance have Factor V Leiden.

You can also be short of Protein C, but this is not related to APC resistance. Protein C deficiency is when Protein C is affected before it is activated. You don't have enough Protein C to turn off all of the Factor V in your blood.

APC resistance, Factor V Leiden, and Protein C deficiencies all are types of thrombophilia (clotting conditions) and raise the risk of blood clots.  A patient can have one or more than one of these conditions, for this reason doctors will measure levels of protein C and Activated C Protein, do a APC resistance blood assay, and a genetic test for Factor V Leiden.  The more conditions that are found, the higher the risk is of having a blood clot.

7 Comments

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